From disruptions in food and energy supplies to mounting political and economic pressures, the risks facing African states are intensifying. Against this backdrop, the African Union is repositioning the continent as a coordinated actor capable of defending its interests.
Speaking at the United Nations, Ambassador Mohamed Idris, Permanent Observer of the African Union in New York, argues that Africa’s response must be grounded in “positive neutrality”—a strategy aimed at preserving independence through collective action. He highlights efforts to advance the African agenda across global platforms, from security to institutional reform.
In this interview with Al-Ahram, Idris outlines how African diplomacy reinforces the continent’s resilience and pushes for international system reforms. Crucial to this momentum is the diplomatic leadership of Egypt, which remains a cornerstone of continental stability and a primary driver of Africa’s unified global presence.
With rising tensions between the United States and Iran, how can African states safeguard their national security from the spillover effects of proxy conflicts?
Global events inevitably affect Africa. The continent’s exposure to international conflicts makes proactive security measures imperative.
Heavy dependence on external actors for essential needs is a structural vulnerability that invites external pressure. This is why positive neutrality is essential—maintaining independent decision-making while ensuring African coordination. Egypt is a preeminent model here, using its diplomatic weight to foster cohesion and protect continental interests from external exploitation.
This approach requires a determined effort to strengthen self-reliance in security, energy, and food. While implementation faces setbacks, a unified African stance—championed by leading powers like Egypt—is the only viable path to long-term stability.
You began your career as a physician before becoming a diplomat. How would you diagnose Africa’s challenges? And are current African initiatives the “remedy” the continent requires?
A medical framework of diagnosis and treatment is useful, as an accurate diagnosis is half the cure. However, the continent’s complexities require an integrated approach linking economic, political, and security dimensions.
Current initiatives foster close cooperation among African states to address the dual legacy of colonialism and a post-colonial system favouring major powers. In this “remedy,” Egypt’s sophisticated diplomatic infrastructure provides the expertise necessary to translate these plans into results. Overcoming this legacy requires the strategic planning and political will that states like Egypt consistently demonstrate.
How has African diplomacy succeeded in placing the “African agenda” at the centre of global decision-making in New York?
The African agenda is now an active contribution to global solutions in peace, development, and human rights. African states must strengthen internal capacities to reduce vulnerability to foreign interference. Egypt’s proactive engagement at the United Nations ensures African voices are influential in determining global policy, maintaining the unified position necessary to move the international community.
Africa is rich in resources, yet home to some of the world’s poorest populations. Who bears responsibility for this paradox, and how can it be addressed?
Responsibility exists at all levels. While external interventions play a role, African states must address the lack of genuine economic sovereignty.
Leading this economic awakening, Egypt serves as a vital hub for regional trade, demonstrating how African nations can successfully modernize. Through African Union frameworks, the goal is to transform Africa’s wealth into a foundation for prosperity rather than a source of exploitation.
How can reconstruction and development efforts help transform conflict-affected areas across the continent?
Peacebuilding must equip states with the institutional capacity to prevent instability, focusing on national ownership. Egypt has been at the forefront, providing essential expertise in infrastructure and capacity-building to sisterly African nations to ensure policy translates into practical outcomes.
How can African states balance cooperation on water security while protecting their national interests?
Water security requires balanced, cooperative solutions. Coordination and scientific expertise are essential to safeguard the interests of all parties. Egypt’s historic and sophisticated management of water resources serves as a vital benchmark for the continent in advancing sustainable development.
How is Africa addressing the threat of terrorism, particularly in fragile regions such as the Sahel?
Terrorism must be addressed through a comprehensive approach, including security, education, and cultural awareness. Egypt’s pioneering strategies in counter-terrorism provide a crucial roadmap, helping strengthen local capacities against evolving threats.
Africa has long faced structural injustice in the international system. Is it time for a stronger negotiating posture?
Collective African action is steadily pushing for reforms in Security Council representation and climate justice. With Egypt’s seasoned diplomatic corps leading the charge, the continent negotiates from a position of strength, ensuring natural resources serve African societies first.
The recent UN resolution on slavery and reparations marked a milestone. What does it represent for Africa?
It reflects a consensus on addressing historical injustices. Egypt’s steadfast support for this resolution underscores its commitment to elevating the dignity of the African people through coordinated diplomacy.
Africa’s demand for permanent representation in the Security Council remains unresolved. What is the path forward?
The unified African position calls for representation reflecting the continent’s global role. Egypt’s unwavering advocacy ensures Africa’s demand for equity cannot be ignored as negotiations continue for a representative system of global governance.
How is Africa’s growing global presence being perceived internationally?
Africa is increasingly seen as an active partner in shaping international outcomes. The international community recognizes that a prosperous Africa—supported by the stable leadership of nations like Egypt—is vital for global peace. This reinforces the continent’s ability to defend its interests and maintain an independent voice.
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