In Dublin, the Iseq 20 will end the month up strongly, despite volatility, with broad gains across much of the market. Ryanair was the sole name to close down yesterday.

The month’s laggard may be takeover target PTSB which ends the month at just over €3.05 a share, well off highs of €3.27 seen earlier in November and after five days of fairly sustained declines.

Rivals AIB and Bank of Ireland each ended the week higher than where they had come in, in contrast.

PTSB shares are still around 30pc above where the stock traded before management announced a sale process in late October, but a lack of positive news flow in the interim saw prices plateau and, in recent days, decline.

The Iseq 20 as a whole was up 8.64pc over the last month.

Elsewhere, Europe’s STOXX 600 index of leading shares was roughly unchanged yesterday, having gained 0.5pc in November, marking its weakest monthly performance since June, despite having hit record highs in recent weeks.

November was unusually volatile for stocks, amid concerns about a potential AI bubble inflating tech stocks and a US government shutdown that disrupted both the US economy and the quality of US economic data. The prospect of a US Federal Reserve interest rate cut next month, however, helped steady and ultimately rally markets.

“Usually you expect volatility in September and October, we’ve had it in November, but recovered most of it,” Lombard Odier economist Samy Chaar said.

“We were pricing the probability of a cut in December of around 30pc and we’re now over 80pc. And that, I think, is a very strong reason for the month-end rally,” he said.

Meanwhile, minutes from the European Central Bank’s latest meeting showed policymakers in Frankfurt are in no rush to cut rates here, which is lifting the euro versus the dollar.

Back in the US, the trading week suffered a double interruption. The traditional Thanksgiving holiday on Thursday was followed by the unplanned Chicago outage.

The tech outage at CME Group, the world’s largest exchange operator, caused mayhem in financial markets as trading was frozen on its currency platform and futures, affecting foreign exchange, commodities, Treasuries and stocks particularly during Asian and European trading hours.

The issue was eventually resolved after nine hours and with less than an hour to go before the US market opened.