The Japanese government on Tuesday approved revisions to its defense equipment and technology framework, lifting restrictions on overseas weapons exports.
Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi stated: “In today’s increasingly severe security environment, no country can safeguard its own peace and security alone.” She expressed support for providing partnered and allied countries with defensive technology and equipment.
The Three Principles on Transfer of Defense Equipment and Technology sets out three comprehensive rules around Japan’s weapons exports. The first principle outlines where transfers are prohibited, the second establishes cases in which transfers are permitted, and the third outlines controls on extra-purpose use of exports by third-party recipients.
The policy was amended in 2014, 2022, 2023 and 2024 in response to regional security changes. Prior to the latest amendment, the policy only permitted overseas exports for “rescue,” “transportation,” “surveillance,” “vigilance” and “minesweeping” uses. However, new amendments allow the nation to sell lethal weapons and equipment for broader defensive purposes.
Addressing the concerns about whether the amendments lift a “comprehensive ban on weapons,” Prime Minister Takaichi told reporters that equipment exports are “strictly for defensive purposes” and that Japan does “not possess…bombers or aircraft carriers.” The prime minister reinforced Japan’s position as a peaceful nation, reaffirmed compliance with international export control frameworks, and repeated commitments to uphold Japan’s “fundamental principles.”
Last week, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries finalized a $7.15 billion contract to provide three frigates to Australia’s navy, with delivery scheduled for 2029. The deal was marked by the “Mogami Memorandum,” which reaffirmed the “shared commitment” of Japan and Australia to “deeper defense industry cooperation.”
